2. ASP.NET Core Cốt lõi

Giới thiệu

Phần này trình bày các kiến thức cốt lõi về ASP.NET Core framework.

Nội dung chính

Khởi tạo ứng dụng

Program.cs và Minimal APIs - So sánh Minimal APIs với Startup.cs truyền thống

Middleware

Middleware là gì? - Khái niệm và cách hoạt động
Thứ tự Middleware - Pipeline execution order
Custom Middleware - Cách viết Middleware tùy chỉnh

Dependency Injection

3 loại Lifecycle - Singleton, Scoped, Transient
Ví dụ thực tế - Khi nào dùng loại nào?
Scoped vào Singleton - Vì sao không nên?

Routing

Conventional Routing - MVC routing
Attribute Routing - Web API routing

Filters

Các loại Filter - Authorization, Resource, Action, Exception, Result
So sánh với Middleware - Khi nào dùng filter?

Cấu hình & Logging

appsettings.json - Configuration
IOptions Pattern - Options pattern
Serilog - Logging tối ưu

Xử lý lỗi

Global Error Handling - UseExceptionHandler, UseStatusCodePages
ProblemDetails (RFC 7807) - Standard error response
Custom Exception Filter - IExceptionHandler implementation
Error Handling trong Minimal APIs - TypedResults

Model Binding

Binding Sources - FromBody, FromQuery, FromRoute, FromHeader, FromForm
Binding Order - Thứ tự ưu tiên
Custom Model Binding - Custom binders và providers
Binding trong Minimal APIs - Parameter binding

Model Validation

Data Annotations - Built-in validation attributes
Custom Validation Attribute - Tạo custom attributes
IValidatableObject - Self-validating models
FluentValidation - Fluent validation library
Validation trong Minimal APIs - Validation pattern

ActionResult Types

IActionResult - Common action results
ActionResult - Generic action results
TypedResults (Minimal APIs) - Type-safe results
Custom ActionResult - Custom result classes

Static Files & File Handling

Serving Static Files - wwwroot, UseStaticFiles
File Providers - Physical, Embedded, Composite
Cache Headers - Caching static files
File Upload - IFormFile, streaming uploads
File Download - File results, streaming downloads
AWS S3 Operations - Upload, download, delete files in S3

Background Tasks

IHostedService - Background service interface
BackgroundService - Abstract base class
Scheduled Tasks - Cron-based scheduling
Worker Service Template - Creating worker services

Health Checks

Basic Health Checks - Setup and configuration
Custom Health Checks - IHealthCheck implementation
Health Check UI - Visual health monitoring
Kubernetes Probes - Liveness, Readiness, Startup

Minimal APIs Advanced

Route Groups - Grouping routes (.NET 7+)
Endpoint Filters - Filter pipeline
Parameter Binding - Advanced binding
Organizing Large APIs - Best practices

Content Negotiation

Input Formatters - JSON, XML, custom formatters
Output Formatters - Response formatting
JSON Configuration - Serializer options
Custom Formatters - CSV, etc.

Output Caching

Output Caching vs Response Caching - Server vs client caching
Cache Policies - Policy configuration
Cache Tags - Tag-based invalidation
Vary By - Query, Header, Route variation

Rate Limiting

Rate Limiting - Giới hạn requests per IP/user
Cấu hình - AspNetCoreRateLimit setup
Endpoint Rate Limiting - Per-action rate limiting

Kestrel Configuration

Endpoint Configuration - HTTP, HTTPS, Unix sockets
HTTPS Configuration - Certificates, redirection
Request Limits - Body size, headers, timeouts
HTTP/2 & HTTP/3 - Protocol configuration
Reverse Proxy - When to use

Localization (i18n)

Resource Files - .resx files structure
IStringLocalizer - Using localizers
View Localization - Localizing Razor views
Data Annotations Localization - Localized validation
Culture Providers - Query, Cookie, Header, Route

Real-time Communication

SignalR Basics - Hub, client-server communication
Groups & Users - Targeted messaging
Strongly-typed Hubs - Interface-based hubs
Scaling with Redis - Backplane configuration

gRPC

gRPC vs REST - When to use gRPC
Protocol Buffers - .proto files
Streaming - Server, Client, Bidirectional
gRPC Client - Client setup and usage
Interceptors - Logging, error handling